A pressure sensor also known as pressure transducer is used to measure pressure typically of gases or liquids. It converts pressure into an analog electrical signal such as a voltage output or current output which can easily be measured.
There are different types of pressure sensors
Absolute pressure sensor: measures the pressure relative to perfect vacuum.
Gauge pressure sensor: measures the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.
Vacuum pressure sensor: Vacuum pressure sensors measure pressure that is less than 0 PSI.
Differential pressure sensor: measures the difference between two pressures points.
Sealed pressure sensor: Measures the pressure relative to some fixed pressure.
Piezoelectric
Uses the piezoelectric effect in certain materials such as quartz to measure the strain due to pressure. Used to measure high dynamic pressures.
Strain gage
Strain gages are bonded into the diaphragm of the pressure transducer and wired into a Wheatstone bridge configuration. Pressure applied to the pressure transducer produces a deflection of the diaphragm which introduces strain to the gages. The strain will produce an electrical resistance change proportional to the pressure.
Capacitive
Uses a diaphragm and pressure cavity to create a variable capacitor to detect strain due to applied pressure.
Measures the displacement of a diaphragm by means of changes in inductance, LVDT, Hall Effect, or eddy current principle.
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